

In the US and that’s absolutely the norm here. I’d know - I went through it.
Your edit expands the context outside of what we’re discussing - losing 10,000 STEM PhD candidates. People don’t often do part-time PhDs in STEM as they’re not frequently offered. People aren’t keeping their full-time jobs when getting a STEM PhD because that becomes their full-time job.
Looking at it from a super high level, universities apply for funding to complete research, which is completed b graduate students with assistance from faculty. Their tuition is covered to give the graduate student the necessary skills to complete the research while also furthering their other educational goals as time and funds allow.There are often constraints on how and when this research is performed which can make it incompatible with a part-time schedule. The time requirements can also be massive - between classes, teaching, lab research, field research, and being the de-facto lab manager, I easily put in 70-80 hours a week. I even had to sign an agreement that I wouldn’t seek outside work or I’d lose my funding, which ultimately was comical given I wouldn’t have the time


















I don’t know how to put this more gently. You’re speaking about a subject that, for anyone familiar with it, it’s pretty clear you don’t know much about, and are getting defensive and doubling down when anyone contradicts you.
It seems like you’re more interested in feeling right than actually being right, and I’m just not interested in wasting my time with someone who would rather write paragraph after paragraph about how other people are wrong than spend 60 seconds first looking online to check if they’re actually right themselves.